Terminal efficiency, Lag and dropout in cohorts from 2007 to 2014 of dental students at the University of Costa Rica / Eficiencia terminal, rezago y abandono en las cohortes del 2007 al 2014 de estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica

Abstract Determine the terminal efficiency, lag and dropout in the cohorts of students who entered the dentistry career at the Faculty of Dentistry at University of Costa Rica in the lapse 2007 to 2014. Data from 736 files were collected. The variables considered were sex, admission age, nationality, marital status, children, admission note, domicile and high school. The data was collected from the Student Application System, the physical files, and the data base from the Supreme Court of Elections of Costa Rica. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analysis were made, which were implemented from two logistic regression models. 98% of the students were Costa Rican, 68% women, 79% entered according to the admission note, 43% entered with an age of 18 years or less, 50% came from a public school, 77% resided in the Greater Metropolitan Area and 95% were single and remained without children. The average terminal efficiency was 6%; 46% of students have graduated with lag, 16% are still enrolled and 32% dropped out. Sex, age, admission note, and motherhood are sociodemographic variables that are associated with terminal efficiency and dropout. The average terminal efficiency in the cohorts from 2007 to 2014 in the courses at the Faculty of Dentistry University of Costa Rica was very low, almost half of the students graduated with lag and about a third dropped out the studies. The grade from the admission note seems to be a predictor of students'academic behavior, higher grade had more chances of graduating and less likely to dropout.

Resumen Determinar la eficiencia terminal, el rezago y el abandono en las cohortes de los estudiantes que ingresaron a la carrera de Odontología de la Facultad de Odontología UCR en el período 2007 al 2014. Se recopilaron los datos de 736 expedientes. Las variables consideradas fueron: sexo, edad de ingreso, nacionalidad, estado civil, hijos, lugar y colegio de procedencia, y nota de examen de admisión. Los datos se recopilaron del Sistema de Aplicaciones Estudiantiles, los expedientes físicos y del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, análisis bivariado y multivariado que se implementó a partir de dos modelos de regresión logística. El 98% de los estudiantes fueron costarricenses, el 68% mujeres, el 79% ingresó según la nota de admisión, el 43% ingresó con una edad de 18 años o menos, el 50% provenía de un colegio público, el 77% residía en la gran área Metropolitana y el 95% eran solteros y permanecieron sin hijos. La eficiencia terminal en promedio fue de 6%; el 46% de los estudiantes se han graduado con rezago, el 16% continúan matriculados y el 32% hizo abandono de los estudios. El sexo, la edad, la nota del examen de admisión y la maternidad son variables sociodemográficas que se asocian con la eficiencia terminal y el abandono. El promedio de la eficiencia terminal en las cohortes del 2007 al 2014 en la carrera de Odontología de la Facultad de Odontología UCR fue muy bajo, casi la mitad de los estudiantes se han graduado con rezago y cerca de un tercio hizo abandono de los estudios. La nota del examen de admisión parece ser un predictor en el comportamiento académico de los estudiantes: a mayor nota más posibilidades de graduarse y menos de abandonar la carrera.

Uma análise sobre o preenchimento do prontuário odontológico em uma universidade brasileira / Dental record filling out analysis at a Brazilian University

Esse estudo tem como objetivo investigar a qualidade do preenchimento do prontuário odontológico na Clínica Escola da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA) através da análise da percepção dos discentes sobre a temática e a avaliação de uma amostra de prontuários utilizados na instituição de ensino. Um estudo transversal foi conduzido com 67 discentes matriculados no Curso de Odontologia do quarto ao nono período do curso de graduação, representando 48,2% da população alvo. Além disso, foram analisados 73 prontuários preenchidos em atendimentos odontológicos nesta instituição do entre 2020 a 2022. Um questionário com questões abertas e fechadas foi respondido pelos participantes. As medidas de frequência absoluta e relativa foram utilizadas na análise descritiva dos dados. Observou-se que mais de 90% concordaram total ou parcialmente que preenchem corretamente os prontuários, entretanto, a análise dos prontuários revelou a ausência de itens obrigatórios A frequência do preenchimento dos itens obrigatórios está listada a seguir: identificação do paciente (80,8%), assinatura do docente (75,3%), termo de consentimento do paciente (74%), seção anamnese completa (69,9%), radiografias (64,4%), plano de tratamento (34,2%), questionário Covid (13,7%) e identificação dos discentes (60,3%). Os achados deste estudo indicam que é necessário o aperfeiçoamento das orientações pedagógicas sobre preenchimento do prontuário odontológico no intuito de reduzir possíveis inadequações no uso deste documento legal

This study aims to investigate the quality of dental record at the Dental School Clinic of Maranhao Federal University (UFMA) through analyzing the students' perception of the topic and evaluating a sample of records used at the educational institution. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 67 undergraduate dental students from second to fifth year, representing 48.2% of the target population. Additionally, 73 records that were filled out during dental appointments at this institution from 2020 to 2022 were analyzed. Participants responded a questionnaire containing both open-ended and closed-ended questions. Absolute and relative frequency measures were used in the descriptive data analysis. It was observed that over 90% partially or fully agreed that they correctly fill out the records, but the analysis of the records revealed the absence of mandatory items. The frequency of completion for the mandatory items is listed as follows: patient identification (80.8%), faculty signature (75.3%), patient consent form (74%), complete medical history section (69.9%), radiographs (64.4%), treatment plan (34.2%), Covid questionnaire (13.7%), and student identification (60.3%). The findings of this study indicate the need for improvement in pedagogical guidance on dental record completion in order to reduce possible inadequacies in the use of this legal document

Evaluation of different teaching methodologies by assessing the performance of dentistry students / Avaliação de diferentes metodologias de aprendizagem aferindo o desempenho de estudantes de odontologia

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of day- and evening-class students in the first semester test of Dental Materials in the School of Dentistry at São José dos Campos - UNESP, who were exposed to traditional lectures (TRAD) and Team-Based Learning (TBL). Material and Methods: The results of Dental Materials first semester test of students, from day and evening classes of 2016 were tabulated and analyzed in this research. The groups formed for the execution of the methodology were randomized using the individual global average of the previous year of the students, and the groups were composed of 6 to 7 members, maintained throughout the course. During the correction of the tests, the subject of each question and the applied methodology (TBL and TRAD) were identified. Responses of each question were graded separately according to the subject for comparison between methodologies. A total of 88 tests were evaluated. The performance was evaluated through a comparison of the average grade of each question, related to a specific learning methodology. The data were submitted to t-test. Results: The students' overall performance was similar when both methodologies were compared. Students from day class presented higher grades with TBL whilst evening class students presented better performance in questions with traditional lectures. Conclusion: Active learning should be further implemented in Brazilian Dental Schools to change students' habits aiming to improve their personal and social skills besides of professional technical knowledge. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o desempenho de alunos dos turnos diurno e noturno na prova do primeiro semestre da Disciplina Materiais Dentários da Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos - UNESP, expostos a aulas tradicionais (TRAD) e Aprendizagem Baseada em Equipe (TBL). Material e Métodos: Os resultados da prova dos alunos, dos turnos diurno e noturno de 2016, foram tabulados e analisados. As turmas utilizadas para a execução da pesquisa foram randomizadas utilizando-se a média global individual do ano anterior dos alunos, sendo as turmas compostas de 6 a 7 integrantes, mantidas ao longo do curso. Durante a correção das provas, foram identificados os assuntos de cada questão e a metodologia aplicada (TRAD e TBL). As respostas de cada questão foram graduadas separadamente de acordo com o assunto para comparação entre as metodologias. Um total de 88 testes foi avaliado. O desempenho dos alunos foi avaliado por meio da comparação da nota média de cada questão, relacionada a uma metodologia específica de aprendizagem. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste t. Resultados: O desempenho geral dos alunos foi semelhante quando comparadas as duas metodologias. Os alunos do período diurno apresentaram notas mais altas no tratamento TBL, enquanto os alunos do período noturno apresentaram melhor desempenho nas questões com aulas expositivas tradicionais. Conclusão: A aprendizagem ativa deve ser mais implementada nos cursos de graduação em Odontologia, no Brasil, para melhorar as habilidades pessoais e sociais dos alunos, além de aperfeiçoar o conhecimento técnico profissional dos discentes (AU).

Competencias Transversales: Una Revisión de las Mallas Curriculares de la Carrera de Odontología en Chile

RESUMEN: El desarrollo de competencias transversales es un aspecto relevante en el currículum de pregrado de Odontología, sin embargo, existe escasa evidencia sobre su presencia en los planes de estudio nacionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la presencia de asignaturas centradas en competencias transversales en la carrera de Odontología de las universidades chilenas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de diseño transversal, revisando las mallas curriculares publicadas en la web por cada universidad que dictó el pregrado de Odontología el año 2020, con proceso de admisión abierto. De las 19 universidades consultadas, todas exhibieron en sus mallas curriculares asignaturas asociadas a competencias transversales y distribuidas a lo largo de los seis años del plan de estudios. Al utilizar la agrupación de competencias transversales propuesta por el Proyecto Tuning América Latina, se observó que las asignaturas relacionadas con los procesos cognitivos asociados al aprendizaje eran las más numerosas y suponían el 41 % del total; las vinculadas con los valores sociales correspondieron al 34 %; las asociadas al contexto tecnológico e internacional representaron el 20 %; mientras que las relacionadas con las habilidades interpersonales, solo alcanzaron un 5 %. Debido a su escasa presencia, es posible concluir que gran parte de los aprendizajes relacionados con el entrenamiento en habilidades interpersonales se encuentren resguardados en el currículum oculto y que probablemente estén a cargo del modelaje docente que se realiza diariamente en la práctica clínica. Como propuesta de futuro, el estudio sugiere mejorar la formación en competencias transversales de los egresados de odontología de las universidades chilenas.

ABSTRACT: The development of transversal competencies is a relevant aspect in the dental undergraduate curriculum. However, there is insufficient evidence about its implementation in national curriculums. The aim of this research was to know whether or not the courses are focused on transversal competencies in dental programs of Chilean universities. To accomplish this, a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. This research was based on the review of the curriculums published on the websites of each university that awarded undergraduate degrees in dentistry in 2020, and facilitated an open admission process. Of the 19 universities studied, all had courses associated with transversal competencies in their dental curriculum. These were distributed throughout the six years of the curriculum. Using the grouping of transversal competencies, as proposed by the Latin America Tuning Project, it was shown that courses related to cognitive learning processes were the most represented of the subjects, corresponding to 41 % of all courses studied. Those related to social values corresponded to 34 %; courses associated with informational technology and those within the international context represented 20 %; while the courses related to interpersonal skills only reached 5 %. Due to the fact that the courses related to interpersonal skills were scarce, it could be concluded that a large part of this learning is included in the hidden curriculum and is probably achieved via instructional modeling as part of the daily clinical practice. As a proposal for the future, this research suggests that we need to improve the training in transversal competencies for the dental graduates of Chilean universities.

Factores relacionados con el resultado de los tratamientos endodónticos realizados en una institución universitaria con odontólogos en formación / Factors related to the result of endodontic treatments performed in a university institution with dentists in training / Fatores relacionados ao resultado de tratamentos endodônticos realizados em instituição universitária com dentistas em treinamento

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: el tratamiento endodóntico se realiza para tratar la enfermedad pulpoperiapical y puede tener un porcentaje de éxito de más del 90% en condiciones ideales para su realización. Dentro de los factores que condicionan la práctica clínica, se encuentran la anatomía interna del diente, las habilidades del operador, el conocimiento de la técnica, los instrumentos empleados y el tiempo operatorio. El éxito lo determina la supervivencia y la ausencia de signos clínicos y radiográficos en el seguimiento. Determinar los factores asociados al resultado del tratamiento de endodoncia, realizado por estudiantes de pregrado en odontología de una universidad colombiana. Materiales y métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo con una cohorte expuesta y una no expuesta a la periodontitis apical. Se evaluaron clínica y radiográficamente todos los pacientes cuyo motivo de consulta fue endodoncia durante los años 2013-2014. Resultados: la media de edad de los pacientes fue 51,23 (DE = 14,23) con un mayor porcentaje de participación de mujeres (71,1%). En el diagnóstico inicial se encontró un 26% de dientes con Periodontitis apical. Se encontró asociación entre una mediana mayor de consultas y no presentar Periodontitis apical al final del tratamiento. En los análisis bivariados y multivariados se encontró asociación de la presencia de accidentes y endodoncia suboturada con la presencia de Periodontitis apical al final del tratamiento. Conclusión: seguir protocolos y guía de atención que permitan evitar los accidentes y conservar la adecuada longitud en la conformación y obturación pueden incrementar la frecuencia de éxito en los tratamientos.

Abstract Introduction and objetive: an endodontic treatment is performed to treat pulp-periapical disorders and may have a success rate of over 90% under ideal conditions. Among the factors that need to be considered, knowledge of the internal anatomy of the root, operator skills, selected technique, instruments involved and surgical time are the most important to determine the success of such treatment. Success implies the survival of the tooth in the oral cavity as well as the absence of clinical and radiographic signs and symptoms. The purpose of this work was to determine the factors associated to the success of an endodontic treatment performed by undergraduate dental students in a Colombian university. Materials and methods: a retrospective study with cohorts exposed and unexposed to apical periodontitis was carried out. Patients who consulted for endodontic treatment in 2013-2014 were invited to participate and were assessed both clinically and radiographically. Results: mean age was 51.23 (SD 14.23) years and higher percentage of female participation (71.1%) was observed. At initial diagnosis, 26% of teeth were diagnosed with apical periodontitis. An association between a high consultation mean and absence of apical periodontitis at the end of treatment was found. Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed an association between the presence of procedure accidents and under-filled root canal obturation with the presence of apical periodontitis at the end of treatment. Conclusion: success rate of endodontic treatments may be increased by carefully following protocols and attention guidelines to reduce the possibility of accidents and to keep an adequate length of the canal filling.

Resumo Introdução e objetivo: um tratamento endodôntico é realizado para tratar distúrbios pulpar-periapicais e pode ter uma taxa de sucesso superior a 90% em condições ideais. Entre os fatores que precisam ser considerados, o conhecimento da anatomia interna da raiz, as habilidades do operador, a técnica selecionada, os instrumentos envolvidos e o tempo cirúrgico são os mais importantes para determinar o sucesso desse tratamento. O sucesso implica a sobrevivência do dente na cavidade oral, bem como a ausência de sinais e sintomas clínicos e radiográficos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os fatores associados ao sucesso de um tratamento endodôntico realizado por estudantes de graduação em odontologia de uma universidade colombiana. Materiais e métodos: estudo retrospectivo com coortes expostas e não expostas à periodontite apical. Os pacientes que consultaram para tratamento endodôntico em 2013-2014 foram convidados a participar e foram avaliados clinicamente e radiograficamente. Resultados: a média de idade foi de 51,23 (DP 14,23) anos e maior percentual de participação feminina (71,1%). No diagnóstico inicial, 26% dos dentes foram diagnosticados com periodontite apical. Foi encontrada associação entre alta média de consulta e ausência de periodontite apical ao final do tratamento. As análises bivariadas e multivariadas mostraram associação entre a presença de acidentes do procedimento e a obturação do canal radicular com preenchimento insuficiente com a presença de periodontite apical ao final do tratamento. Conclusão: a taxa de sucesso dos tratamentos endodônticos pode ser aumentada seguindo-se cuidadosamente os protocolos e diretrizes de atenção para reduzir a possibilidade de acidentes e manter um comprimento adequado do preenchimento do canal.

A Report of the interdisciplinary education approach within the Universidad de La Frontera Dental Curriculum

ABSTRACT: Interprofessional education has become widely recognised as fundamental to educate new generations of dentists able to successfully join the dental public and private sectors and provide appropriate dental treatment to complex patients in a complex health system. This article presents the innovated curriculum of the dentistry course at Universidad de La Frontera describing its interprofessional education components. The description of IPE in the dental curriculum was done using Institutional documents. The university vocational training policy provides the framework in which IPE is implemented in undergraduate courses. Six out of eight dental curriculum components included IPE in their educational methodologies: 'Integrated units', 'Culture, society and mankind', 'Prevention', 'Professional Projections', 'Integrated clinics', and 'Profes sional Practice'. IPE is present thorough the dental course from first to final year and it takes different forms within each componen t. IPE is one of the methodologies used to achieve the learning outcomes stated in the curriculum. Passing through all modu- les of the dental curriculum leads to the development of generic and professional skills that allow students to obtain their professional title.

RESUMEN: La educación interdisciplinaria ha sido ampliamente reconocida como fundamental en la educación de nuevas generaciones de odontólogos capaces de unirse exitosamente a los sectores público y privado de salud y de otorgar tratamiento odontológico a pacientes con condiciones complejas en un sistema de salud complejo. Este artículo presenta el curriculum innovado de la carrera de odontología de la Universidad de La Frontera, describiendo sus componentes de educación interdisciplinaria (EID). Para la de EID en el plan de estudios se usaron una serie de documentos institucionales. La política de formación profesional da un marco en el cual EID es implementado en los planes de estudio de pregrado. Seis de ocho componentes del plan de estudios de la carrera de odontología incluyen EID en sus metodologías educativas: "Unidades de integración", "Cultura, hombre y sociedad", "Prevención", "Proyecciones profesionales", "Clínicas Integrales" y "Prácticas Profesionales. EID está presente a lo largo de toda la carrera de odontología del primer al último año y toma diferentes formas de acuerdo a cada componente. EID es una de las metodologías usadas para lograr los objetivos de aprendizaje establecidos en el plan de estudios. Cumplir con todas las asignaturas del plan lleva al desarrollo de habilidades genéricas y profesionales que permiten a los estudiantes obtener su título profesional.

New Rules for Teaching in Dental Schools in the COVID-19 Era

ABSTRACT: The crisis caused by COVID-19 has led to the development of strategies for adapting the undergraduate and postgraduate teaching of dentistry to the new situation, as well as guaranteeing the safety of all staff, students, patient s and persons accompanying them.We reviewed a total of 36 documents, including articles and guidelines or recommendations issued by dental schools, scientific societies and other institutions, in order to take stock of the current evidence available about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental schools. Additional training is required in the management of infectious diseases and the prevention of their transmission. Dental schools must be prepared and implement the necessary measures according to the level of infection risk during face-to-face activities, especially in clinics, while guaranteeing quality teaching and allo wing research to be carried out. Adapting teaching to new technologies is essential for the development of non-classroom training, a s is conducting questionnaires that collect information on crisis management and assessing the stress level of students, faculty and other staff. The incorporation of new technologies in both training and assessment reduces the chances of contagion and enhances student autonomy. Distance learning competencies must be clear to students and be included in the description of the academic programme. We must not forget that the primary objective of teaching is for students to acquire the necessary skills f or their profession. More than ever, the international cooperation of universities in the elaboration of protocols is essential. T hese protocols must ensure the health of everyone in this pandemic and in possible future scenarios. We must transform this crisis into an opportunity that will revolutionize dental education.

RESUMEN: La crisis originada por la COVID-19 ha obligado a desarrollar estrategias para adaptar la enseñanza pre y postgrado en odontología a la nueva situación, así como para garantizar la seguridad de todo el personal de la facultad, estudiantes, pacientes y acompañantes. Revisamos un total de 36 documentos, incluyendo artículos y guías o recomendaciones facilitadas por facultades de odontología, sociedades científicas y otras instituciones, con el fin de obtener la evidencia científica disponible sobre el impacto de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en las facultades de odontología. Las facultades de odontología deben estar preparadas e implementar las medidas necesarias según el nivel de riesgo de infección de SARS-CoV-2 durante las actividades presenciales, especialmente en clínica, además de garantizar una enseñanza de calidad y permitir el desarrollo de investigación. Es fundamental la adaptación de la docencia a las nuevas tecnologías para el desarrollo de formación no presencial, así como la realización de cuestionarios que recaben información sobre la gestión de la crisis y analicen el estrés de estudiantes, profesores y personal. La incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías tanto en la formación como en la evaluación reduce las posibilidades de contagio y potencia la autonomía del alumno. Las competencias de la educación a distancia deben quedar claras para los estudiantes, e incluirse en la descripción del curso académico siendo objetivo primordial de la docencia la adquisición de las mismas. La cooperación internacional de universidades es esencial en la elaboración de protocolos que garanticen la salud de todos en esta pandemia y en posibles futuros escenarios. Esta crisis supone una oportunidad para revolucionar la educación en odontología.

COVID-19 Safety Protocols in Dental Clinical Education in the Second Wave

ABSTRACT: This second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the development of strategies for guaranteeing clinical teaching in dental schools and adapt it to this new epidemiological situation protecting the health of all staff, stud ents, patients and persons accompanying them. We reviewed a total of 51 documents, including articles and guidelines or recommendations issued by dental schools, scientific societies and other institutions, in order to take stock of the current evidence available about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental schools. We describe a series of measures to implement in semi-critical and critical areas of dental schools to guarantee the safety of all and the continuity of the clinic al training of students. These include: mobility circuits, appropriate distancing, patient scheduling, telephone triage, personal protective equipments, measures to reduce viral transmission by air ventilation and several other actions specific to low or high aerosol generating by treatments. Dental schools must be prepared and implement the necessary measures according to the level of infection risk during face-to-face activities, especially in clinics, which provide essential formation and imp ossible to acquire online. Dental schools should focus on prioritizing preventive and minimally invasive dentistry minimizing aerosol generating procedures whenever possible. More than ever, the international cooperation among universities for the elaboration of protocols is essential. These protocols must ensure the health of everyone in this new second wave of the pandemic and in possible future epidemiological scenarios.

RESUMEN: Esta segunda oleada de la pandemia COVID-19 ha llevado al desarrollo de estrategias para garantizar la docencia clínica en las facultades de odontología y adaptarla a esta nueva situación epidemiológica protegiendo la salud de todo el personal, estudiantes, pacientes y acompañantes. Revisamos un total de 51 documentos, incluidos artículos y guías o recomendaciones emitidas por escuelas de odontología, sociedades científicas y otras instituciones, con el fin de hacer un balance de la evidencia actual disponible sobre el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en las escuelas de odontología. Describimos una serie de medidas a implementar en áreas semicríticas y críticas de las facultades de odontología para garantizar la seguridad de todos y la continuidad de la formación clínica de los estudiantes. Estos incluyen: circuitos de movilidad, distanciamiento apropiado, programación de pacientes, triaje telefónico, equipos de protección personal, medidas para reducir la transmisión viral por ventilación de aire y varias otras acciones específicas para la generación baja o alta de aerosoles por los tratamientos. Las escuelas de odontología deben estar preparadas e implementar las medidas necesarias de acuerdo al nivel de riesgo de infección durante las actividades presenciales, especialmente en las clínicas, que brindan formación imprescindible e imposible de adquirir en línea. Las escuelas de odontología deben centrarse en priorizar la odontología preventiva y mínimamente invasive minimizando los procedimientos que generan aerosoles siempre que sea posible. Más que nunca, la cooperación internacional entre universidades para la elaboración de protocolos es fundamental. Estos protocolos deben garantizar la salud de todos en esta nueva segunda ola de la pandemia y en posibles escenarios epidemiológicos futuros.

Awareness of medical emergencies among dental practitioners in three Egyptian dental schools: A cross-sectional study / Conscientização sobre emergências médicas entre dentistas em três Faculdades de Odontologia Egípcias: um estudo transversal

Objective: To evaluate the awareness of medical emergencies among dental practitioners in three dental schools. Material and methods: The study group included 384 dental practitioners, including dental staff members, post-graduate students, and dental interns. These professionals were attending three dental educational institutions in Egypt. Two of them were governmental and one was a private school. The educational model is almost the same in most Egyptian dental schools. Results: The response rate was 100%. Most of the participants worked in private academia (44.16%) or practice (42.34%) and 65.20% of them were females. The participants who recorded the medical history and filled a form (91.17%, 80.52 % respectively) while only 41.82% obtained the vital signs. Among the participants, 48.57 % were confident about handling medical emergency and 74.29 % reported their capability of intramuscular injection while only 25.71 % for intravenous injection and 49.35% knew about emergency kits. Management knowledge of airway obstruction and prosthetic heart valve patients was reported by 80.27 % and 71.94 % respectively, while less percentage for activation of EMS, chest compression, CPR ratio, and infant rescue breathing. The mean preparedness percent score was 54.57% and it was inversely correlated to the years of experiences and directly correlated to the degree of confidence in their ability to manage the dental emergency. Conclusion: The current study results reflected a deficiency in the dental practitioner awareness about the medical emergency especially the practical part. (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar a consciência das emergências médicas entre os dentistas de três faculdades de odontologia. Material e Métodos: O grupo de estudo incluiu 384 dentistas, abrangendo membros da equipe odontológica, alunos de pós-graduação e estagiários de odontologia. Esses profissionais frequentavam três instituições de ensino de odontologia no Egito. Duas eram governamentais e uma era uma instituição particular. O modelo educacional é similar na maioria das escolas de odontologia egípcias. Resultados:A taxa de resposta foi de 100%. A maioria dos participantes trabalhava na área acadêmica (44,16%) ou clínica privadas (42,34%) e 65,20% deles eram do sexo feminino. Os participantes registraram o histórico médico e preencheram um formulário (91,17%, 80,52% respectivamente) enquanto apenas 41,82% obtiveram os sinais vitais. Entre os participantes, 48,57% estavam confiantes para lidar com emergências médicas e 74,29% relataram sua capacidade de injeção intramuscular, enquanto apenas 25,71% para injeção intravenosa e 49,35% sabiam sobre kits de emergência. O conhecimento do manejo de pacientes com obstrução das vias aéreas e válvula cardíaca protética foi relatado por 80,27% e 71,94%, respectivamente, enquanto menos porcentagem para a ativação do serviço de emergência médica (SEM), compressão torácica, índice de reanimação cardiorrespiratória (RCP) e respiração de resgate infantil. A pontuação percentual média de preparação foi de 54,57% e foi inversamente correlacionada aos anos de experiência e diretamente correlacionada ao grau de confiança em sua capacidade de gerenciar a emergência odontológica. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo refletiram uma deficiência na conscientização do dentista sobre a emergência médica principalmente a parte prática (AU)

Comprehensive clinics. A comparative study among Dental Schools in Argentina / Clínicas integradas. Estudio comparado entre diferentes Facultades de Odontologia

ABSTRACT In this study, comprehensive clinics (CC) are interpreted as a pragmatic projection of the complexity of health. The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics of the CCs at different schools of dentistry in Argentina. Data were collected from document analysis and interviews with key respondents at 8 universities, classified according to the criteria of Bray and Thomas. Interviews were developed and analyzed according to discourse analysis. The convergences and divergences among curricula were established and analyzed statistically. Triangulation of results showed that: (a) Most curricula (7/8) included subjects called CC; (b) the permanence of CCs in the curricula was not stable, with changes recorded in different periods; and (c) in the so-called CCs, the complex clinical approach showed frequent displacements based on teacher values or competence. It was concluded that there are divergences between theory and practice, and that it would be recommendable to have more rigorous curricular design taking into account current trends regarding the complexity of health and its transfer to educational management.

RESUMEN En el presente estudio, las clínicas integradas (CI) son interpretadas como una proyección pragmática de la complejidad de la salud. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar las características de las (CI) desarrolladas en las diferentes facultades de odontología públicas de la Republica Argentina. Los datos se recuperaron a partir del análisis documental y de entrevistas realizadas a informantes clave en 8 universidades, las cuales fueron ca-tegorizadas según criterios de Bray y Thomas. Las entrevistas se desarrollaron y analizaron según el análisis del discurso. Se establecieron las convergencias y divergencias existentes entre los currículos y se analizaron estadísticamente. La triangulación de los resultados reveló: (a) la mayoría de los currículos (7/8) incluían asignaturas denominadas CI; (b) la permanencia de las CI en los currículos no fue estable, registrándose cambios en diferentes períodos. (c) en las denominadas CI, el abordaje clínico complejo mostró frecuentes desplazamientos basados en los valores o competencia docente. Se concluyó que los resultados muestran divergencias entre la teoría y la práctica, resultando recomendable un mayor rigor en la formulación curricular atendiendo las tendencias vigentes acerca la complejidad de la salud y su transferencia a la gestión educativa.

Producción científica de los decanos de facultades y directores de escuelas de odontología del Perú / Scientific production by deans and directors of dental schools in Peru

Introducción: la investigacion científica y su publicación, contribuye con el desarrollo de la odontología. Objetivo: determinar la producción científica de los decanos de facultades y directores de escuelas de odontología del Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, en una muestra de 15 decanos de facultades y 25 directores de escuelas de odontología en 2019. Para identificar la producción científica se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos en la base de datos de SciELO, Scopus y el motor de búsqueda de Google Académico. Resultados: De la muestra analizada solo 13 (32,5 por ciento) habían publicado un artículo en su vida, 9 (22,5 por ciento) en los últimos 5 años y 8 (20 por ciento) en el último año. Solo 6 (15 por ciento) como primer autor y 10 (25 por ciento) como coautor. En relación a las publicaciones indizadas en las bases de datos seleccionadas, 8 (20 por ciento) publicaron en Scopus y SciELO, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la producción científica de los decanos de facultades y directores de escuelas de odontología en Perú es baja(AU)

Introduction: the conduct and publication of scientific studies contribute to the development of dentistry. Objective: determine the scientific production of deans and directors of dental schools in Peru. Methods: a cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted of a sample of 15 deans and 25 directors of dental schools in 2019. Identification of scientific production was based on a search for papers published in the databases SciELO and Scopus and the search engine Google Scholar. Results: of the sample analyzed, only 13 (32.5 percent) had had a paper published in their lifetimes, 9 (22.5 percent) in the last 5 years and 8 (20 percent) in the last year. Only 6 (15 percent) appeared as first authors and 10 (25 percent) as co-authors. With respect to publications indexed in the databases selected, 8 (20 percent) were published in Scopus and SciELO, respectively. Conclusions: the scientific production of deans and directors of dental schools in Peru is low(AU)

The relationship between dental graduate students' MBTI types and academic achievement in problem-based learning / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: The study aimed to determine the personality types of the graduate students in Seoul National University School of Dentistry (SNU SD) and analyze the specific personal types that were linked to their performance in problem-based learning (PBL). METHODS: A total of 263 graduate students in SNU SD from 2011 to 2013, participated in PBL and completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) GS form, which was analyzed statistically to determine whether their MBTI personality types were independent of their PBL performance. In particular, MBTI types were regressed on evaluation subcategories, including tutor evaluation and oral test. RESULTS: ESTJ (20.9%) and ISTJ (18.6%) were the most common MBTI personality types in dental graduate students. Compared with males, female students performed significantly better on the PBL. Judging was the most notable type in PBL performance, with its J-P index being statistically significant. CONCLUSION: PBL is implemented, based on the perspective of student-centered education. Accordingly, the types of personality that usually matriculate in dental school should be monitored, and a student-centered approach to dental education should be adopted.

Repair of composite restorations - Teaching information from dental schools of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil / Reparo de restaurações de resina composta - informações sobre o ensino em escolas de odontologia do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil

Objective: The present study analyzed the teaching of repair of direct composite restorations (RCR) and its determining factors in Dental Schools of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Methods: Eight Schools were selected based on registration on the website of the Mi-nistry of Education (MEC). A first contact was made by phone, and the e-mail of the head of the Restorative Department was obtained. A questionnaire was elaborated containing 19 questions, and was e-mailed to the dental schools. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: Six from the eight schools selected returned the questionnaire. All participating schools fulfill and teach RCR and consider the technique successful as treatment. The schools did not present any reason for not accomplishing it. The main indications for repair were shade correction, fracture of the material and fracture of the tooth. In most schools the nature of the teaching is theoretical, in clinical disciplines. Conclusions: A consistent conduct towards teaching RCR was observed from 100% of the participating schools. Most of them consider it a definitive treatment, revealing a trend towards the preservation of tooth structure.

Ha perdido la profesión odontológica la batalla contra la caries dental o ha perdido el rumbo: análisis de la situación en México / Has the dental profession lost the battle against tooth decay or has it lost its way: analysis of the situation in Mexico

Objetivo: se presenta un estudio retrospectivo con base en la bibliografía existente de losúltimos cuarenta años acerca de la odontología en México y su contribución a la salud bucodentalen la población, sobre todo en relación con la caries dental. Métodos: se revisarontres aspectos principales: la formación odontológica en escuelas y facultades del país, elservicio de las instituciones públicas de salud y la atención a la población desde la prácticaodontológica privada. Se analizó la bibliografía existente de investigadores mexicanosdesde 1970 hasta el 2011. Resultados: en este análisis se observa una falta de planeaciónpara la creación de escuelas y facultades de odontología, sustentada en las necesidadesreales de la población. Además, es notable la ausencia de un organismo rector que unifiquelos objetivos para la formación de odontólogos en las 120 escuelas existentes en México.Del mismo modo, se observan la falta de desarrollo de la función preventiva de las institucionesde salud, que trabajan con el mismo modelo de servicio de cuando fueron creadas,y una educación odontológica carente de planeación y una normatividad actualizada parala formación de recursos humanos. Conclusión: todo esto se traduce en una profesión quepractica principalmente una actividad centrada en atacar las lesiones y no la enfermedad y,mucho menos, en aplicar acciones para prevenirla. Ello ha propiciado una competencia porun mercado de pacientes que puedan pagar los servicios, pero no ha contribuido a mejorarla salud bucal de la población...

Aim: A retrospective study based on a literature review about dentistry in Mexico and itsimpact on the population’s dental health, with a special focus on dental caries, is presented.Methods: Three main areas were reviewed: training of dentists in Mexican dental schools;dental health care in public institutions, and dental care in the private dental practice. Publicationsfrom 1970 to 2011 by Mexican researchers were analyzed. Results: In this analysis itis noted that there is a lack of planning for the creation of dental schools, in relation to thedental care needs of the population. Besides that, there is an absence of a governing bodythat unifies the objectives for the training of dentists in the 120 existing schools in Mexico,as well as an obsolete preventative role of health care institutions, which work with a healthcare model that has not changed since they were created. There is also a lack of planningand updated regulations for the training and formation of human resources in dentalschools. Conclusions: All this translates into a profession whose practice is mostly focusedon attacking the injuries, not the disease, and much less attention is given to implementactions in preventive dentistry. This has led to a competition for a market of patients whocan afford their services, but has not contributed to improve dental health in the population...

Qualitative assessment of the dental health services provided at a dental school in Kerman, Iran

Increasing the quality of the services provided in a Dental School can raise the satisfaction level of patients and consequently increase the level of their oral health. This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of dental care and services provided to patients referred to a Dental School in Kerman, Iran. In this qualitative study, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted with 41 participants #&091;25 patients (P), 5 nurses (N), 6 dental academic staff (AS), and 5 dental students (S)#&093;. Then, the interviews were transcribed and analyzed, using content analysis of data. Data analysis in qualitative research involves breaking down the data and searching for codes and categories that are then reassembled to form themes. Both positive and negative themes emerged. Positive themes included: good infection control, service accessibility, patient appointments and visits were not assigned on merit, precise examinations, and comprehensive treatment plans. Negative themes included: long wait time, lack of options to pass waiting time, such as newspapers and television, an insufficient number of nurses, and not enough professors for supervision. In addition, the results of this study show that the patients and dental staff have high expectations in relation to dental services, and that implementation of these expectations would increase the overall satisfaction with and the quality of the level of services. Finally, some recommendations for improving services in the Kerman Dental School were given to the managing team of the Dental School.

Caracterización de los valores de los estudiantes de primer año de estomatología / Characterization of values in 1st. year dental students

Se realiza una investigación descriptiva, cuya muestra estuvo formada por 25 estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Estomatología de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna de Pinar del Río, curso 2006-2007 y 6 estomatólogos docentes del ciclo clínico de dicha carrera. Con el objetivo de determinar los valores que sustentan los modos de actuación de los estudiantes de este año de la carrera, se aplicaron 2 pruebas y una dinámica grupal. Las pruebas consistieron en la redacción de una composición para determinar valores actuales y futuros y un ordenamiento de valores a partir de una hoja de recursos. A los estomatólogos se les aplicó también una prueba de ordenamiento de valores. La muestra se clasificó en 3 categorías según su estructura en relación con los valores. Se encontró una proyección psico- profesional de los estudiantes más orientada hacia los valores individuales que a los relacionados con la profesión, la proyección actual hacia el desarrollo de valores tuvo una mejor estructura que la proyección futura, por lo que se concluye la necesidad de reforzar en los estudiantes los valores propios de la profesión y los de compromiso social, con vistas a lograr un profesional integral.

A descriptive is done, whose sample comprised 25 1st. year dental students from "Dr. Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna" Medical School (2006-2007) and 6 dental professors for such major, aimed at determining the values sustaining these students' way of performance. Two tests and a groupal dynamics were applied to them. Tests consisted of writing a composition to measure current and future values, and an ordering of values from a sheet of resources. The dental professors were also applied a test of ordering values. Students were classified into 3 categories according to their structure regarding values. It was found a psychoprofessional projection of the students more orientated towards individual values than those related to the profession. The current project towards developing values had a better structure that the future projection, that is why it is necessary to reinforce in students values related to the profession and those of social commitment, in order to achieve a comprehensive professional.